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In this module, you will explore theÌýdifferent typesÌýof cells thatÌýconstituteÌýthe nervous system and understand how cells communicate within the nervous system. Beginning at the molecular level and progressing to the roles of specific cell types such as neurons and glia, you’ll explore the interactions between cells, the binary function of neurons and the wider range of functions of glial cells, including supporting the process of myelination and contributing to immune responses to injury or infection.

In this module,Ìýyou’ll exploreÌýthe development andÌýorganisationÌýof the nervous system, examining its complexities throughÌýevaluation ofÌýcomparative invertebrates and vertebrateÌýstudies.ÌýYou’ll considerÌýevolutionary concepts andÌýdetailedÌýanalysisÌýof theÌýmammalian brainÌýat molecular, cellular, and organismal levels, gaining insights into how it develops, functions, and supports life.

The module places a strong focus on the mammalian brain, offering a detailed understanding of its structure and function. Through this comprehensive exploration, you’ll uncover the intricate processes that shape the nervous system and its remarkable adaptations across different species.Ìý

In this module, you will explore how drugs are used to manage disease affecting major body systems, including cardiovascular, respiratory, neurological, metabolicÌýand,ÌýinfectiousÌýdiseasesÌýand immune-related conditions.ÌýYou’llÌýlearn how drug actions relate to disease mechanisms and gain insight into how pharmacological strategies are developed and applied in clinical and biomedical settings.

This module offers you a comprehensive introduction to modern biotechnology, covering foundational concepts and the tools used to address biological challenges. You’ll explore how biotechnology contributes to solutions for complex societal issues, including pandemics and vaccine production, biofuel development, food security, and the creation of therapeutics. Alongside this, you’ll engage in discussions about the ethical dilemmas that arise from the use of biotechnology in society.

Laboratory classes will give you hands-on experience in applying biotechnological concepts, reinforcing your understanding of core techniques. This practical approach, combined with in-depth exploration of biotechnology’s applications, equips you with valuable skills and insights into its pivotal role in tackling global challenges.

This module explores the fascinating world of microorganisms, focusing on how bacteria, fungi, archaea, and viruses survive and thrive as the predominant biomass on Earth. You’ll examine key themes in microbiology, including the discovery and diversity of these organisms, their replication and survival mechanisms, and their ecological roles and interactions. Topics will also cover disease-causing processes such as antibiotic resistance, alongside the beneficial effects of microorganisms, like probiotics and gut microbiota, and their applications in technology and society.

A key feature of the module is its emphasis on experimental techniques, such as genomics, used to study these themes. You’ll also participate in a lab-based practical, applying your knowledge to a specific focus area. This hands-on approach will deepen your understanding of the complex and essential roles microorganisms play in the natural world.

In this module, you’ll examine the intricate connection between human nutrition and physiological function, building on the foundational knowledge from earlier studies. You’ll explore how nutrients shape metabolic processes, influence body systems, and contribute to overall health. This advanced exploration will deepen your understanding of how the body processes and responds to dietary intake and how specific nutrients impact physiological functions.Ìý

You’ll also investigate the role of nutrition in managing health conditions and preventing disease, integrating key concepts from nutrition and physiology. By bridging these areas, the module equips you with the tools to support evidence-based approaches in health and wellness, providing a comprehensive insight into the science behind nutrition’s impact on the human body.Ìý

In this module, you'll gain a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental concepts behind effective drug exposure and the toxicity of drugs and chemicals. You'll learn about the processes that affect the concentration of drugs reaching their targets within the body, such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Additionally, you'll develop basic quantitative skills for estimating and interpreting drug exposure parameters.

The module will also delve into the mechanisms and consequences of drug and non-drug toxicity on various body systems, and how toxicity can be assessed using different methods. Through interactive workshops, case studies, and practical exercises, you'll enhance your analytical and problem-solving skills, preparing you for a career in pharmacology, toxicology, and drug discovery.

In this module, you'll embark on a comprehensive exploration of the protein life cycle, from translation and folding to action and eventual degradation. You'll learn about the diverse roles of proteins, understanding how their structure enables them to function as enzymes, molecular machines, cellular receptors, ion channels, and transporters, which are key targets in pharmacology. Through selected examples, you'll uncover how proteins drive biological processes such as metabolism and signalling, and how disruptions in protein activity can lead to various diseases.

You'll also study into proteins as therapeutic targets, investigating drug-protein interactions and the use of proteins as industrial tools and therapeutic agents.Ìý

This module delves into the transformative intersection of biology, data science, and computational techniques, showcasing how big data is reshaping modern biological research. You’ll explore the principles of bioinformatics and computational biology, learning how to analyse large-scale biological datasets using cutting-edge tools and algorithms. Key topics include data mining, machine learning applications in biology, and effective data visualisation methods.

In addition, the module addresses the ethical considerations of working with biological data, fostering a critical understanding of this rapidly evolving field. By combining theoretical knowledge with practical applications, you’ll develop essential skills for navigating the complex world of biological big data.

In this module, you’ll examine the extensive ways human activities impact the environment and affect species health on a global scale. You’ll explore the distribution and biological effects of pollutants such as pharmaceuticals, heavy metals, pesticides, herbicides, and microplastics. The module also investigates how habitat loss and human-wildlife interactions influence pathogen transmission, gut microbiome dynamics, and parasitic infestations, offering insights into the ecological consequences of anthropogenic changes.

You’ll delve into additional topics like the effects of natural toxins, volatile compounds, and climate-driven habitat shifts. Through case studies and critical discussions, you’ll gain a comprehensive understanding of how human actions disrupt ecosystems and biological health, equipping you with the knowledge to address these pressing environmental challenges.

This module enables you to apply pharmacology, neuroscience and biochemistry to the process of drug discovery and development. You'll learn the drug discovery process, including an overview of the drug discovery/drug development process, target identification, high-throughput screening, target validation, safety pharmacology, and pharmacokinetics, linking through to clinical trials.

This will be linked to future/novel targets in cardiovascular disease, obesity, immune diseases, cancer, respiratory disease, and neurological disorders, for example. You'll gain an understanding of the impact of disease on pharmacokinetic aspects of drugs and how the pathophysiology of diseases can lead to new therapeutic targets. You'll also learn how to interpret in vivo drug data and determine human dose prediction.Ìý

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This module will bring youÌýup to date with the latest technological developments in molecular biology,Ìýwith a focus on genome editing, sequencing, and other types of molecular engineering. We will discuss the impact of these technologies on scientific research and development, examining how scientists use these technologiesÌýto addressÌýcomplex problems in biomedical sciences. AÌýfocus throughoutÌýwill be on how the methods are applied and how the resulting datasetsÌýareÌýanalysedÌýand interpreted.ÌýThe ethical implication of the application of molecular engineering techniques will also be discussed.

In this module, you’ll explore the biological processes of ageing and disease, and their impacts on human physiology, disease, and frailty.

Delve into the molecular and cellular mechanisms of ageing and their effects on whole body function, with a focus on age-related diseases such as osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity and liver diseases.

We’ll also investigate the interplay of nutrition and exercise in regulating human metabolism and mitigating disease risks. A key component examines the dual role of exercise and nutrition in influencing disease prevention and progression and serving as therapeutic interventions.

You’ll also have the opportunity to evaluate strategies to promote healthy ageing, and disease prevention and management.

This module introduces you to advanced imaging technologies and their applications across the biological and biomedical sciences, giving you both the theoretical foundations and practical skills needed to interpret and use imaging in research,ÌýindustryÌýand professional settings.ÌýYou’llÌýexplore the principles behind microscopic and macroscopic imaging methods, learn how digital tools - ranging from open‑source platforms to commercial software - are used toÌýanalyseÌýbiological and medical questions, and examine how imaging advances our understanding of cell biology,ÌýmetabolismÌýand human physiology. A key theme is learning how to build a clear scientific narrative through images, moving from broad, whole‑organism perspectives to detailed cellular views, and understanding how visual communication shapes storytelling,ÌýpresentationsÌýand video.ÌýYou’llÌýalso consider the ethical and societal issues surrounding image use, including privacy and responsible communication. Workshops and practical sessions give you hands‑on experience in image analysis,ÌýinterpretationÌýand presentation, helping you develop the confidence to create and communicate your own scientific narratives.

In this module, you'll investigate the intersection of anatomical sciences and innovative technologies, designed specifically for third-year students. You'll deepen your understanding of human anatomy while developing expertise in the use of cutting-edge tools and techniques. This module will provide you with a comprehensive overview of anatomical structures and functions, integrating advanced technological methods to enhance your learning experience.

By exploring the latest advancements in imaging and diagnostic technologies, you'll gain practical skills in applying these tools to anatomical studies. You'll learn how innovative technologies can be used to investigate and understand complex anatomical systems, preparing you for a career in medical research, healthcare, or related fields.

This module invites you to explore the global challenges posed by bacterial and viral pathogens and the urgent need for new and improved vaccines and therapeutics.ÌýYou’llÌýbegin by exploring the major types of vaccines and treatments currently in use, the diseases they target, and the key criteria scientists consider when designing effective interventions.ÌýYou’llÌýexamine the different immune responsesÌýrequiredÌýto combat a range of pathogens and evaluate real‑world examples of viral and bacterial vaccines, assessing their strengths and limitations. By the end of the module,Ìýyou’llÌýhave a strong understanding of why new vaccines and therapies are needed, how they are developed, and how scientific evidence informs decision‑making in this rapidly evolving field.

You’ll explore significant societal issues of physical activity, physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour, and its relation to health and chronic disease. This will include an epidemiological understanding between physical inactivity, health and disease, along with mechanistic insight into the effects of inactivity and sedentary behaviour.

You’ll also cover the psychological determinants of exercise and health in different populations. We’ll use psychological theories and to discuss health promotion and adherence, the relationship between physical activity, mental health and well-being, and evaluation of psychological interventions and public health programmes.

In this module, you'll integrate the scientific knowledge you've acquired throughout your degree, focusing on how this knowledge informs policy decisions and shapes societal outcomes through effective public engagement. You'll explore the intersection of science and policy, learning how to communicate complex scientific concepts to various stakeholders to foster positive societal impacts.

The module aims to further develop your transferable skills, including critical thinking, reflection, and presentation to both lay and professional audiences. You'll enhance your communication and teamwork abilities, learning to effectively convey scientific knowledge to different stakeholders.

This module examines the transformative power of genomics and its real-world applications, from revolutionising medicine and disease tracking to advancing conservation and evolutionary biology. You’ll explore how genomic technologies offer insights into healthcare innovation and trace the origins of species, shedding light on processes such as adaptation, speciation, and their relevance to modern populations.

The module also highlights the pivotal role of genomics in conservation, showing how genetic data helps monitor biodiversity, protect endangered species, and support ecosystem restoration. By connecting these diverse topics, the module demonstrates how genomics addresses critical challenges in human health, environmental conservation, and industrial applications, providing a holistic view of its impact across multiple fields.

This module delves into advanced concepts of tumourigenesis and tumour progression, providing insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms behind tumour development. You’ll explore the multistep nature of tumour progression, its divergence from normal biological development, and key topics such as tumour immunology, tumour evolution, and the tumour microenvironment.

The module places a strong emphasis on cancer research, highlighting how understanding the fundamentals of cancer biology contributes to the creation of innovative therapies. You’ll also examine the biochemical foundations of cancer treatments, including chemotherapy and immunotherapy, offering a comprehensive view of how cutting-edge science drives advancements in cancer care.

This interdisciplinary module, delivered at the º£½ÇºÚÁÏ Malaysia, introduces you to the study of tropical diseases within their wider social, environmental and global‑health contexts. You’ll examine how infections common in Malaysia and neighbouring regions are shaped by factors such as socioeconomic inequality, traditional medical practices, environmental change and the health challenges faced by under‑resourced communities. The module is closely aligned with the UN Sustainable Development Goals, and you’ll explore how these global priorities inform approaches to improving health outcomes and supporting marginalised groups.Ìý